Stepper Motor
Stepper motors are used to translate electrical pulses into mechanical movements. In some disk drives, dot matrix printers, and some other different places the stepper motors are used. The main advantage of using the stepper motor is the position control. Stepper motors generally have a permanent magnet shaft (rotor), and it is surrounded by a stator.
Step Angle − The step angle is the angle in which the rotor moves when one pulse is applied as an input of the stator. This parameter is used to determine the positioning of a stepper motor.
Steps per Revolution − This is the number of step angles required for a complete revolution. So the formula is 360° /Step Angle.
Steps per Second − This parameter is used to measure a number of steps covered in each second.
RPM − The RPM is the Revolution Per Minute. It measures the frequency of rotation. By this parameter, we can measure the number of rotations in one minute.
The motor is rotated by applying a certain sequence of control signals. The speed of rotation can be changed by changing the rate at which the control signals are applied.
Various stepper motors with different step angles and torque ratings are available in the market.
A microcontroller can be used to apply different control signals to the motor to make it rotate according to the need of the application.
For more information about Stepper Motor and how to use it, refer to the topic Stepper Motor in the sensors and modules section.
- Here we are going to interface 6 wires Unipolar Stepper Motor with an 8051 controller.
- Only four wires are required to control the stepper motor.
- Two common wires of the stepper motor are connected to the 5V supply.
- ULN2003 driver is used to driving the stepper motor.
- Note that to know the winding coil and their center tap leads measure resistance in between leads. From center leads, we will get half the resistance value of that winding.
The following table is showing the sequence of input states in different windings.
| Steps | Winding A | Winding B | Winding C | Winding D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
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